Forging is the name for processes whereby the work piece is shaped by compressive forces applied through various dies and tools. It is one of the oldest metalworking operations. Forging was first used to make jewellery, coins, and various implements by hammering metal with tools made of stone. Forging may be done at room temperature (cold forging) or at elevated temperatures (warm or hot forging, depending on the temperature). Because of the higher strength of the material, cold forging requires greater forces, and the work piece materials must have sufficient ductility at room temperature. Cold-forged parts have good surface finish and dimensional accuracy. Hot forging requires smaller forces, but dimensional accuracy and surface finish are not as good. Forgings generally require additional finishing operations, such as heat treating to modify properties and machining for accurate finished dimensions. The forging process can create parts that are stronger than those manufactured by any other metalworking process. This is why forgings are almost always used where reliability and human safety are critical. Forging parts are normally component parts contained inside assembled items such an airplanes, automobiles, tractors, ships, oil drilling equipment, engines, missiles and all kinds of capital equipment - to name a few. Forged parts vary in size, shape and sophistication - from the hammer and wrench in toolbox to close tolerance precision components. Some of the largest customer markets include: aerospace, national defense, automotive, and agriculture, construction, mining, material handling, and general industrial equipment. Even the dies themselves that make forgings (and other metal and plastic parts) are forged. Open-die forging can produce forgings from a few pounds up to more than 150 tons. Called open-die because the metal is not confined laterally by impression dies during forging, this process progressively works the starting stock into the desired shape, most commonly between flat-faced dies. In practice, open-die forging comprises many process variations, permitting an extremely broad range of shapes and sizes to be produced. In fact, when design criteria dictate optimum structural integrity for a huge metal component, the sheer size capability of open-die forging makes it the clear process choice over non-forging alternatives. At the high end of the size range, open-die forgings are limited only by the size of the starting stock, namely, the largest ingot that can be cast. Practically all forgeable ferrous and non-ferrous alloys can be open-die forged, including some exotic materials like age-hardening super alloys and corrosion-resistant refractory alloys. The Indian forging industry meets the major requirements of steel forgings for the automobile industry. There is a very good potential for export of steel forgings. Few Major players are as under: Aditya Forge Ltd. Vadodara Ahmednagar Forgings Ltd. Pune Amforge Industries Ltd. Mumbai Amtek Auto Ltd. Gurgaon Anand Engineers Pvt. Ltd. Mumbai Anand Lubricants Pvt. Ltd. Mumbai Asia Automotive Ltd. Mumbai Asian Bearing Ltd. Chennai B C L Forgings Ltd. Mumbai Bajaj Motors Ltd. Gurgaon Bay-Forge Ltd. Kancheepuram Bharat Forge Ltd. Pune Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd. South Delhi Blue Stampings & Forgings Ltd. South West Delhi Continental Forging Ltd. Vadodara Delhi Forge Ltd. South Delhi Dynamatic Forgings India Ltd. Mumbai E L Forge Ltd. Chennai Forgings Ltd. South Delhi Gazebo Industries Ltd. Mumbai Happy Forgings Ltd. Ludhiana Harig Crankshafts Ltd. Ghaziabad Heavy Engineering Corpn. Ltd. Ranchi Hilton Metal Forging Ltd. Mumbai India Forge & Drop Stampings Ltd. Chennai Indo-Us Mim Tec Pvt. Ltd. Hyderabad J V R Forgings Ltd. Ludhiana Jaypee Forge Ltd. Mumbai Kadvani Forge Ltd. Rajkot Kaveri Engineering Inds. Ltd. Tamil Nadu Krishna Engineering Works Ltd. Jalandhar L G B Forge Ltd. Coimbatore Logwell Forge Ltd. South Delhi M M Forgings Ltd. Chennai Mahindra Forgings Ltd. Mumbai Monga Brothers Ltd. Ludhiana Munis Forge Ltd. Nagpur Palanpur Engineering & Fabrications Ltd. Mumbai Patheja Brothers Forgings & Stampings Ltd. Pune Patheja Forgings & Auto-Parts Mfrs. Ltd. Pune Pradeep Metals Ltd. Thane Praga Tools Ltd. Hyderabad Raja Forgings & Gears Ltd. Chandigarh Rajkumar Forge Ltd. Pune Ramkrishna Forgings Ltd. Kolkata Rollwell Forge Ltd. Junagadh S K M Industries Pvt. Ltd. Mumbai S R Forgings Ltd. Chandigarh S S Forgings & Engg. Ltd. Mumbai Sadhu Forging Ltd. Central Delhi Sandeep Industries Ltd. Sar Auto Products Ltd. Rajkot Seshasayee Industries Ltd. Cuddalore Shimoga Technologies Ltd. Bangalore Shivagrico Implements Ltd. Mumbai Shree Ganesh Forgings Ltd. Mumbai Sona Cold Forgings Ltd. Central Delhi Sona Somic Lemforder Components Ltd. Central Delhi Sree Lakshmi Industrial Forge & Engineers Ltd. Bangalore Sri K V R Forgings Ltd. East Godavari Stotz-Blacksmiths Ltd. Mumbai Super Forgings & Steels Ltd. Kolkata Suyaan Transmissions Ltd. Pune Taparia Tools Ltd. Nashik Tata Construction & Projects Ltd. Kolkata Techno Forge Ltd. Bharuch Trackparts Of India Ltd. Kanpur Nagar Trinity India Ltd. Pune Unity Forge Ltd. Kancheepuram Usav Forgings Ltd. Ahmadnagar Varsha Forgings Ltd. Pune Vipras Corporation Ltd. Mumbai Viraj Alloys Ltd. Thane Vishnu Forge Inds. Ltd. Vybra Automet Ltd. Nalgonda Wesman Halverscheidt Forgings Ltd. Bhopal